Nucleophilic hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ib qho hluav taws xob nplua nuj nucleophile tawm tsam cov hluav taws xob zoo los hloov cov pab pawg tawm. … Txij li thaum dej yog ib tug nucleophile, ib tug aqueous hnyav system ua rau lub undesirable cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm dej (es tsis txhob ntawm alginate) nrog cov reactive electrophile.
Dab tsi yog cov kauj ruam yooj yim hauv kev hloov pauv nucleophilic tshuaj tiv thaiv?
Qhov txheej txheem no ua tiav ntawm ob kauj ruam. Lub thawj kauj ruam (cov kauj ruam qeeb) suav nrog kev tawg ntawm alkyl halide rau hauv ib qho alkyl carbocation thiab tawm hauv pawg anion. Cov kauj ruam thib ob (cov kauj ruam nrawm) suav nrog kev tsim cov ntawv cog lus ntawm nucleophile thiab alkyl carbocation.
Nucleophilic hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog piv txwv yog dab tsi?
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv nucleophilic yog qhov hydrolysis ntawm alkyl bromide, R-Br nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej yooj yim , qhov chaw tawm tsam nucleophile yog OH - thiab pawg tawm yog Br−. Nucleophilic hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov organic chemistry. Nucleophiles feem ntau tawm tsam cov aliphatic saturated carbon.
Koj txheeb xyuas qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv nucleophilic hloov pauv li cas?
Nucleophilic hloov pauv (SN1. SN2) Nucleophilic hloov pauv yog kev tshwm sim ntawm ib khub electron pub (tus nucleophile, Nu) nrog ib tug khub electron txais (tus electrophile) . Ib sp3-hybridizedelectrophile yuav tsum muaj ib pab pawg (X) tawm mus kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim.
Yuav ua li cas rau kev hloov pauv nucleophilic?
1 Teb
- 1.) Cov kuab tshuaj. SN2 - polar Aprotic (tsis muaj O-H lossis N-H daim ntawv cog lus) …
- 2.) Substrate (Tawm pawg (LG) txuas nrog cov pa roj carbon yog…) SN2 - methyl > thawj > theem nrab (koj xav kom LG tsis tshua muaj neeg coob)
- Side Note: SN2 - Saib xyuas ntawm qhov steric hindrance thaiv cov nucleophile. SN1 - Stabilizing cov carbocation tsim.