Cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar yog cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov dielecrtic thiab tsis sib xyaw nrog dej . Piv txwv xws li benzene (C6H6), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), thiab diethyl ether (CH3CH2OCH2CH3). Table 1 nthuav qhia cov npe ntawm cov kuab tshuaj uas nquag siv hauv tshuaj lom neeg.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar yog dab tsi?
Non-polar solvents yog kua lossis cov kuab tshuaj uas tsis muaj lub sijhawm dipole. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no, cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj ib feem zoo lossis tsis zoo. Yeej, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv me me hauv electronegativity. Peb kuj tuaj yeem hais tias cov ntawv cog lus ntawm atoms tuaj nrog cov electronegativities zoo sib xws.
Dab tsi yog polar thiab nonpolar hnyav?
Polar cov kuab tshuaj muaj lub sijhawm loj dipole (aka "cov nqi ib nrab"); lawv muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov atoms nrog cov electronegativities sib txawv, xws li oxygen thiab hydrogen. Cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar muaj cov ntawv cog lus ntawm cov atoms nrog cov electronegativities zoo sib xws, xws li carbon thiab hydrogen (xav tias hydrocarbons, xws li roj av).
dab tsi yog polar thiab tsis polar?
Polar molecules tshwm sim thaum muaj qhov sib txawv electronegativity ntawm cov atoms sib txuas. Nonpolar molecules tshwm sim thaum electrons sib npaug ntawm atoms ntawm diatomic moleculelos yog thaum polar bonds hauv ib lub molecule loj dua tso tseg.
yog dab tsipolar solvents?
Polar cov kuab tshuaj muaj muaj zog dielectric tas li. Lawv muaj ib los yog ntau dua electronegative atoms zoo li N lossis O. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm muaj nyob hauv cov kuab tshuaj polar muaj xws li cawv, ketones, carboxylic acids thiab amides. Lub polarity ntawm cov kuab tshuaj nce nrog nce dielectric tas li.
