2024 Tus sau: Elizabeth Oswald | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-13 00:07
Kev hloov pauv tom qab kev txhais lus tshwm sim hauv lub ERthiab suav nrog folding, glycosylation, multimeric protein sib dhos thiab proteolytic cleavage ua rau cov protein kom loj hlob thiab ua kom muaj zog. Lawv tshwm sim sai li sai tau thaum cov peptide loj hlob tuaj hauv ER thiab raug hloov kho enzymes.
Kev hloov pauv protein dab tsi tshwm sim hauv ER?
Tshiab cov tshuaj polypeptides nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias thiab lumen ntawm ER tau dhau tsib qhov kev hloov pauv thawj zaug ua ntej lawv mus txog lawv qhov chaw kawg:
- Kev tsim cov nyiaj disulfide.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- Ntxiv thiab ua cov carbohydrates.
- Tshwj xeeb proteolytic cleavages.
Kev hloov pauv tom qab kev txhais lus nyob qhov twg hauv cov hlwb?
PTMs tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov amino acid sab chains lossis peptide linkages, thiab lawv feem ntau sib kho los ntawm kev ua haujlwm enzymatic. Qhov tseeb, nws tau kwv yees tias 5% ntawm cov proteome suav nrog cov enzymes uas ua tau ntau dua 200 hom kev hloov kho tom qab kev txhais lus.
Y Yuav hloov pauv cov protein nyob rau hauv protein synthesis yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tom qab (PTM) yog kev hloov pauv biochemical uas tshwm sim rau ib lossis ntau dua cov amino acids ntawm cov proteintom qab cov protein tau raug txhais los ntawm ribosome.
Dab tsi organelle ua tom qab kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv lub cell?
Golgi apparatus ua haujlwm liib txoj kab sib dhos molecular nyob rau hauv uas membrane proteins undergoed post-translational hloov kho. Ntau qhov kev tawm tsam Golgi koom nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov piam thaj residues rau cov kua nplaum membrane thiab cov proteins zais cia.
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog qhov hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv hloov pauv?
Point mutations hloov ib leeg nucleotide. Frameshift kev hloov pauv yog ntxiv lossis tshem tawm ntawm nucleotides uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev nyeem ntawv. frameshift thiab point mutation yog dab tsi? Ib qho kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam rau ib khub hauv paus.
Qhov kev hloov pauv no puas yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hloov pauv?
Yog li, yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv, piv txwv li, kev ntxig lossis tshem tawm ntawm nucleotide, tshwm sim, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm kev nyeem ntawv. Nws hloov tag nrho cov amino acid ib ntus. Cov kev hloov pauv no yog hu ua frameshift mutation (tseem hu ua kev nyeem ntawv hloov pauv, nyeem ntawv hloov pauv, lossis framing yuam kev).
Thaum twg qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tshwm sim?
Nws xav tias yuav pab nrog mRNA paub los ntawm ribosome thaum txhais lus. Kev hloov kho kuj tseem siv qhov chaw ntawm qhov kawg ntawm RNA cov ntawv sau tseg. Txog 3' kawg ntawm RNA saw 30-500 adenines ntxiv rau hauv qhov hu ua poly A tail. qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv nyob qhov twg?
Qhov twg yog qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv?
Semiconservative replication piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm DNA replication nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov paub hlwb. DNA replication tshwm sim ntawm ntau lub hauv paus pib ntawm kev rov ua dua raws DNA qauv strand. Raws li DNA ob chav helix yog unwound by helicase, replication tshwm sim nyias ntawm txhua tus qauv strand nyob rau hauv antiparallel cov lus qhia.
Qhov kev hloov pauv twg yog xav tias yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv?
Dependent Variable Qhov sib txawv uas nyob ntawm lwm yam uas ntsuas. Cov kev hloov pauv no yuav tsum tau hloov pauv raws li qhov kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej hloov pauv lossis hloov pauv. Nws yog cov nyhuv presumed. Qhov kev tshawb fawb hloov pauv twg yog qhov tshwm sim?
