2024 Tus sau: Elizabeth Oswald | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-13 00:07
Morphological species concept (MSC) Cronquist (1978) siv lub tswv yim no nws txhais cov hom me tshaj plaws uas niaj hnub thiab txiav txim siab txawv thiab txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab txhais tau tias.
Leej twg muab lub tswv yim morphological ntawm hom?
K. Jordan yog thawj tus tsim lub tswvyim no hauv xyoo 1905. Tom qab xyoo 1940, Mayr tau txhawb lub tswvyim no. Raws li lub tswv yim no, "Ib hom yog ib pab pawg ntawm cov tib neeg uas muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov pej xeem uas raug cais tawm ntawm lwm pab pawg".
Dab tsi yog hom kab mob morphological?
Phenetic Species Concept (morphological species concept): ib pawg kab mob uas zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv ntawm lwm yam teeb meem. Phylogenetic Species tswvyim: pawg tsawg tshaj plaws monophyletic txawv los ntawm kev sib koom muab los ntawm (synapomorphic) yam ntxwv.
Leej twg hais txog Nominalistic hom tswvyim?
2. Nominalistic Species Concept: Occan, tus tawm tswv yim ntawm lub tswv yim no thiab nws cov thwjtim (Buffon, Bessey, Lamarck, thiab lwm yam) ntseeg tias tsuas yog tib neeg muaj nyob tab sis tsis ntseeg txog lub neej ntawm hom.
3 hom tswvyim yog dab tsi?
Lub tswv yim ntawm hom yog ib qho tseem ceeb tab sis nyuaj hauv biology, thiab qee zaum raug xa mus rau "qhov teeb meem ntawm hom". Qee hom tsiaj loj yog: Typological (los yog Essentialist, Morphological, Phenetic) hom tswvyim. Typology yog nyob ntawmmorphology/phenotype.
Pom zoo:
Cov kab kab kab kab kab ua kab mob txaus ntshai npaum li cas?
Nyob rau hauv peb thiab tom ntej instars ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob, Pine processionary caterpillars yog mob heev rau daim tawv nqaij ntawm tib neegthiab lwm yam tsiaj. Kev sib cuag yooj yim nrog cov plaub hau ntawm kab ntsig tuaj yeem ua rau pob khaus hnyav (urticaria) thiab khaus qhov muag, thiab qee tus neeg yuav muaj kev fab tshuaj.
Thaum twg tus kab mob etiology tsis paub tus kab mob hais tias yog?
Idiopathic: Tsis paub qhov laj thawj. Txhua yam kab mob uas tsis paub meej lossis tsis paub keeb kwm yuav raug hu ua idiopathic. Piv txwv li, mob idiopathic polyneuritis, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic scoliosis, thiab lwm yam.
Leej twg ua pov thawj tias cov kab mob ua rau kab mob?
Robert Koch's kev tshawb fawb, muaj npe nrov npe hu ua "Koch's postulates," qhia tau tias kev kis kab mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob thiab yog li ua rau pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob sib kis. Leej twg ua pov thawj hauv nws txoj kev tshawb fawb tias cov kab mob ua rau kab mob?
Leej twg txheeb xyuas cov kab mob ua rau kis kab mob?
Robert Koch's kev tshawb fawb, muaj npe nrov npe hu ua "Koch's postulates," qhia tau tias kev kis kab mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob thiab yog li ua rau pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob sib kis. Leej twg txheeb xyuas cov kab mob?
Hais txog lub hlwb lo lus plasticity hais txog?
Neuroplasticity - lossis lub hlwb plasticity - yog lub peev xwm ntawm lub hlwb hloov nws cov kev sib txuas lossis rov xaim nws tus kheej. Yog tsis muaj lub peev xwm no, ib lub hlwb, tsis yog tib neeg lub hlwb xwb, yuav tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho txij li thaum yau mus txog rau cov neeg laus lossis rov zoo los ntawm lub hlwb raug mob.
