2024 Tus sau: Elizabeth Oswald | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-13 00:07
Exotoxins yog ib pawg ntawm cov proteins uas muaj kuab lom uas tau zais los ntawm cov kab mob, nkag mus rau hauv cov cell, thiab catalyze cov kev hloov kho covalent ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm tes los hloov cov tswv tsev cell physiology. Ob leeg Gram-negative thiab Gram-positive bacteria tsim exotoxins.
Puas yog endotoxin gram-zoo lossis tsis zoo?
Endotoxins yog glycolipid, LPS macromolecules uas tsim txog li 75% ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm gram-negative cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm ua rau tuag taus.
YPuas yog exotoxin A polypeptide?
Diphtheria toxin yog a polypeptide nrog qhov hnyav molecular ntawm kwv yees li 58,000 Da. Cov tshuaj lom yog secreted raws li ib tug proenzyme, yuav tsum tau enzymatic cleavage rau hauv ob feem (fragments A thiab B) ua active.
YPuas Protein A yog exotoxin?
Exotoxins feem ntau yog proteins, tsawg kawg nkaus polypeptides, uas ua rau enzymatically lossis los ntawm kev ua ncaj qha nrog cov tswv tsev thiab txhawb ntau hom lus teb. Feem ntau exotoxins ua rau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nyob deb ntawm qhov qub ntawm cov kab mob nkag los yog kev loj hlob.
peb hom exotoxins yog dab tsi?
Muaj peb hom exotoxins:
- superantigens (Hom I co toxins);
- exotoxins uas ua rau cov cell membranes (Tom II co toxins); thiab.
- A-B co toxins thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes (hom III co toxins).
Pom zoo:
Puas yog tus kab mob gram zoo lossis tsis zoo?
Gram-positive bacilli (rods) subdivide raws li lawv muaj peev xwm tsim spores. Bacillus thiab Clostridia yog spore-forming rods thaum Listeria thiab Corynebacterium tsis yog. Spore-forming rods uas tsim spores tuaj yeem nyob hauv ib puag ncig tau ntau xyoo.
Puas yog qhov zoo thiab zoo nkauj yog cov ntaub ntawv kawm zoo?
Qhov no yog ib qho kev kawm pheej yig heev thiab pheej yig dua me ntsis ntau dua li cov ntaub ntawv kawm hauv tsev. Lub Hom Phiaj Zoo thiab Zoo Nkauj yog txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau menyuam yaus thiab tsev neeg, yog vim li cas lawv khaws lawv cov txiaj ntsig qis.
Puas yog enterococci gram zoo lossis tsis zoo?
Enterococci yog Gram-positive facultative anaerobic cocci nyob rau hauv luv thiab nruab nrab chains, uas ua rau nyuaj rau kho cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lub nosocomial chaw. Lawv yog ib qho ua rau UTI, bacteremia, thiab kab mob endocarditis thiab tsis tshua muaj kab mob hauv plab thiab mob meningitis.
Puas yog txhua tus streptococci gram zoo?
Streptococci yog Gram-positive, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, catalase-negative cocci uas tshwm sim hauv khub lossis chains. Cov kab lis kev cai qub yuav poob lawv tus cwj pwm Gram-zoo. Feem ntau cov kab mob streptococci yog facultative anaerobes, thiab qee qhov yog obligate (nruj) anaerobes.
Puas yog diplococci gram tsis zoo?
Piv txwv ntawm gram- negative diplococci yog Neisseria spp. thiab Moraxella catarrhalis Moraxella catarrhalis M. catarrhalis yog lub raum loj, zoo li tus, Gram-negative diplococcus. Nws tuaj yeem coj mus rau hauv cov ntshav thiab chocolate agar daim hlau tom qab kev tsim aerobic ntawm 37 °C rau 24 teev.
