2024 Tus sau: Elizabeth Oswald | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-13 00:07
Ib qho piv txwv classic yog benzoin condensation, thawj zaug tshaj tawm los ntawm Wöhler thiab Liebig hauv 1832 nrog cov txheej txheem npaj rau xyoo 1903 los ntawm Lapworth; cyanide yog siv los ua ib qho kev cuam tshuam los cuam tshuam lub dimerization ntawm ob chav benzaldehyde [13]. Xyoo 1943, Ukai et al. nrhiav tau lub peev xwm ntawm thiazolium ntsev rau catalyze lub condensation.
Qhov twg catalyst siv rau hauv benzoin condensation thiab yog vim li cas?
Mechanism of Benzoin Condensation Reaction
The cyanide ion pab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua raws li nucleophile thiab pab txhawb kev abstraction ntawm protons, yog li tsim cyanohydrin. Cov cyanide ions ua haujlwm hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Tus reagent twg siv cov tshuaj benzoin condensation?
Mechanism of Benzoin Condensation
Tus txheej txheem rau kev ua cov benzoin condensation pib nrog benzaldehyde kho nrog ib qho nyiaj catalytic ntawm sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag.
Dab tsi catalytic yam yuav tsum tau ua rau benzoin condensation tshwm sim?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ob lub moles ntawm benzaldehyde los tsim cov pa roj carbon-carbon tshiab yog hu ua benzoin condensation. Nws yog catalyzed los ntawm ob qhov sib txawv catalysts, cyanide ion thiab cov vitamin thiamine, uas nyob ze rau kev soj ntsuam pom tau ua haujlwm zoo ib yam.
Vim li cas CN xav tau rau benzoin condensation?
Thawj raws li nucleophilic zootus neeg tawm tsam uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa nucleophilicity ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Thib ob ua ib pab pawg zoo tawm. Nws tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm Benzoin cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanism: Nws yog vim li no peb xav tau lub catalyst zoo li Cyanide, uas tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho haujlwm.
Pom zoo:
Nyob rau hauv c ++ cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb siv tau rau qhov twg hauv qab no?
Kev piav qhia: Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv tau rau cov tswv cuab cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov haujlwmvim tias lawv yuav tsum nkag mus rau sab nraud ntawm qhov thaiv. 4. Yuav ua li cas nkag tau rau hauv qab no yog siv tau? Kev piav qhia:
Yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau pom kev pom?
Txawm li cas los xij, corneal collagen cross-linking - cov txheej txheem qib siab tau pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hauv xyoo 2016 - tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov pom kev hauv cov neeg mob txhua hnub nyoog. Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) tsis yog kho rau keratoconus, tab sis nws tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv tus mob kom tsis txhob mob hnyav.
Rau cov neeg siv khoom siv dab tsi yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua yog?
Utilitarianism tuav tseg tias qhov kev ua yog yog nws nyiam txhawb kev zoo siab thiab tsis ncaj ncees yog tias nws nyiam ua rau muaj kev tu siab, lossis kev rov qab ntawm kev zoo siab-tsis yog kev zoo siab ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam tab sis ntawm txhua tus neeg cuam tshuam los ntawm nws.
Dab tsi yog cov reactants thiab cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau pem hauv ntej (sab laug-rau-txoj cai)?
Dab tsi yog cov reactants thiab cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau pem hauv ntej (sab laug-rau-txoj cai)?Glucose thiab Fructose yog cov reactants. Sucrose thiab Dej yog cov khoom. Puas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom ntej yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis?
Dab tsi ntawm cov hauv qab no yog siv rau hauv cov thermite vuam?
In thermite welding, aluminium hmoov yog siv nrog rau ferric oxide. Aluminium muaj ntau affinity ntawm oxygen thiab nws txo cov ferric oxide rau elemental hlau thaum vuam thiab kuj ua rau kub heev. Lub molten elemental hlau yog li tsim yuav kaw qhov tawg kom muaj kev sib raug zoo.
