Xyoo 1905, Einstein pom tau hais tias cov nyhuv photoelectric tuaj yeem nkag siab yog tias lub zog hauv lub teeb tsis kis tawm ntawm nthwv dej pem hauv ntej tab sis yog concentrated hauv pob ntawv me me, lossis photons. Txhua photon ntawm lub teeb ntawm zaus v muaj lub zog hv. Yog li, Einstein txoj haujlwm ntawm cov nyhuv photoelectric muab kev txhawb nqa rau E=hv.
Einstein ua pov thawj li cas ntawm cov duab hluav taws xob?
Teeb, Einstein tau hais tias, yog lub teeb ntawm cov khoom uas nws lub zog cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov zaus raws li Planck cov qauv. Thaum cov nqaj ntawd raug coj mus rau ib lub hlau, cov photons sib tsoo nrog cov atoms. Yog tias lub photon zaus txaus los tsoo lub electron, kev sib tsoo ua rau cov nyhuv photoelectric.
Leej twg ua pov thawj Einstein's photoelectric effect?
Cov nyhuv photoelectric tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1887 los ntawm German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj cua tsis, Hertz pom tau hais tias, thaum lub teeb ultraviolet ci rau ob tug hlau electrodes nrog ib tug voltage thov nyob rau hauv lawv, lub teeb hloov lub voltage ntawm lub sparking tshwm sim.
Daim duab hluav taws xob ua pov thawj dab tsi?
Cov nyhuv photoelectric ua pov thawj lub teeb muaj cov haujlwm zoo li particle. Cov nyhuv photoelectric tshwm sim thaum photons ci ntsa iab ntawm cov hlau thiab electrons raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau. Cov electrons uas ejected yog txiav txim los ntawm lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb uastxiav txim siab lub zog ntawm photons.
Yuav ua li cas yog cov duab hluav taws xob tsim Einstein tus duab hluav taws xob sib npaug?
Yog li, H tshiab rho tawm W sawv cev rau qhov siab tshaj plaws kinetic zog ntawm cov duab hluav taws xob ejected. Yog V max yog qhov siab tshaj plaws uas lub photoelectron tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, ces H tshiab yog sib npaug rau W ntxiv rau ib nrab MV square max. Qhov no yog qhov sib npaug thib ob. Qhov kab zauv no hu ua Einstein's photoelectric equation.
