Electron tshem tawm pawg (EWG): Ib qho atom lossis pawg uas rub cov electron ceev los ntawm cov atoms nyob sib ze ntawm nws tus kheej, feem ntau yog los ntawm cov teebmeem resonance lossis inductive teebmeem inductive teebmeem Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry - Inductive effect. Cov nyhuv inductive: Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm electron ceev hauv ib feem ntawm cov molecule vim electron -thov los yog electron pub dawb rau lwm qhov hauv cov molecule. … Tus xub qhia txog kev hloov ntawm electron ceev. https://www.chem.ucla.edu › harding › IGOC › inductive_effect
Inductive effect - Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry
. localized ntawm nitrogen atom. resonance, raws li pom los ntawm no resonance hybrid.
Yuav ua li cas pawg twg yog pab pawg tshem tawm?
Ib pawg tshem tawm hluav taws xob (EWG) yog pab pawg uas txo cov hluav taws xob ceev hauv cov molecule los ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom nws tau sib koom ua ke.
EWGs muaj zog tshaj plaws yog pawg nrog pi bonds rau electronegative atoms:
- Nitro pab pawg (-NO2)
- Aldehydes (-CHO)
- Ketones (-C=OR)
- Cyano pawg (-CN)
- Carboxylic acid (-COOH)
- Esters (-COOR)
Puas yog pawg cyano electron rho tawm?
Cov pab pawg cyano feem ntau ua haujlwm rau kev sib txuas rau nws cov cim rho tawm hluav taws xob.
NH puas yog pab pawg tshem tawm hluav taws xob?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias NH yog ib pab pawg pub dawb electrones tsis txhob electron thim. Nitrogen muaj ib khub ntawm electrons uas muab electron ceev rau lub hauv paus atom.
Vim li cas ho tsis yog ib pab pawg tshem tawm electron zoo?
Tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam vim tsis muaj orbitals lossis electron khub uas tuaj yeem sib tshooj nrog cov nplhaib. Cov ntsiab lus no muaj zog tshem tawm inductively vim lawv yog li electronegative; yog li ntawd muaj ib tug muaj zog –I nyhuv.
